Polarization Dependent Isolators vs Polarization Independent Isolators

 Connectors and other types of optical devices on the output of the transmitter may cause reflection, absorption, or scattering of the optical signal. These effects on the light beam may cause light energy to be reflected back at the source and interfere with source operation. In order to reduce the effects of the interference, an optical isolator is usually used. Optical isolator allows a beam of light to stream through a single one way direction. At the same time, it prevents the light from going back in the opposite direction. According to the polarization characteristics, optical isolators can be divided into two types, including polarization dependent isolator and polarization independent isolator. The polarizer-based module makes a polarization dependent isolator, and the birefringent crystal-based structure makes a polarization independent isolator. You may be very confused about them as you find that there is only a little difference via their names. So, what are they and what are the differences between them? This paper will give you the answer.

Polarization Dependent Isolator

The polarization dependent isolator consists of three parts, an input polarizer, a Faraday rotator, and an output polarizer. Light traveling in the forward direction becomes polarized vertically by the input polarizer. The Faraday rotator will rotate the polarization by 45°. The analyzer then enables the light to be transmitted through the isolator.

Light traveling in the backward direction becomes polarized at 45° by the analyzer. The Faraday rotator will again rotate the polarization by 45°. This means the light is polarized horizontally. Since the polarizer is vertically aligned, the light will be extinguished.

The picture shows us a Faraday rotator with an input polarizer, and an output analyzer. For a polarization dependent isolator, the angle between the polarizer and the analyzer, is set to 45°. The Faraday rotator is chosen to give a 45° rotation.

Because the polarization of the source is typically maintained by the system, polarization dependent isolator is widely used in free space optical systems.

Polarization Independent Isolator

The polarization independent isolator also consists of three parts, an input birefringent wedge, a Faraday rotator, and an output birefringent wedge. Light traveling in the forward direction is split by the input birefringent wedge into its vertical (0°) and horizontal (90°) components, called the ordinary ray (o-ray) and the extraordinary ray (e-ray) respectively. The Faraday rotator rotates both the o-ray and e-ray by 45°. This means the o-ray is now at 45°, and the e-ray is at −45°. The output birefringent wedge then recombines the two components.

Light traveling in the backward direction is separated into the o-ray at 45, and the e-ray at −45° by the birefringent wedge. The Faraday Rotator again rotates both the rays by 45°. Now the o-ray is at 90°, and the e-ray is at 0°. Instead of being focused by the second birefringent wedge, the rays diverge. The picture shows the propagation of light through a polarization independent isolator.

While polarization dependent isolator allows only the light polarized in a specific direction, polarization independent isolator transmit all polarized light. So it is usually widely used in optical fiber amplifier.

Comparison of Polarization Dependent Isolator and Polarization Independent Isolator

In fact, you have already understood these two types of isolators according to the contents above. We can see their similarities and differences through the comparison of their definition, working principle and applications. Both of them consist of three parts and have a same principle based on Faraday Effect. However, to overcome the limitation of polarization dependent isolator, polarization independent isolator has been developed. Regardless of the polarization state of the input beam, the beam will propagate through the isolator to the output fiber and the reflected beam will be isolated from the optical source. If the extinction ratio is important, a polarization dependent isolator should be used with either polarization maintaining fibers or even regular single-mode fibers. If the system has no polarization dependence, a polarization independent isolator will be the obvious choice.

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Fiber Optic Connector: An Important Part of Fiber Optic Termination

Fiber optics are used for a variety of applications in the photonics industry. Fiber optics are typically connectorized for convenience of mating and coupling. These connectors come in many configurations and styles. A fiber optic connector that was lower loss, lower cost, easier to terminate or solved some other perceived problem is urgently needed to the industry. As a result, about 100 fiber optic connectors have been introduced to the marketplace, but only a few represent the majority of the market. Today, Fiberstore’s Blog are going to show you these commonly used fiber optic connectors.

fiber optic connector

Fiber Optic Connector Types
Commonly used fiber optic connector types include SC, FC, LC, ST, MU, E2000, MTRJ, SMA , DIN as well as MTP & MPO etc. They are widely used in the termination of fiber optic cables, such as fiber optic pigtail, fiber optic patch cables and so on.

LC connector LC Connector (Lucent Connector) — Ferrule diameter = 1.25mm. LC connectors are licensed by Lucent and incorporate a push-and-latch design providing pull-proof stability in system rack mounts. LC connectors are available in single mode and multimode. Externally LC connectors resemble a standard RJ45 telephone jack. Internally they resemble a miniature version of the SC connector. This type of connectors are commonly used in connecting SFP Transceiver Module in Router/Switch. For example, the optic interfaces of Cisco’s SFP transceivers are all LC connectors.
SC connector SC Connector (Subscriber Connector) — Ferrule diameter = 2.5mm. The SC connector is becoming increasingly popular in single-mode fiber optic telecom and analog CATV, field deployed links. But the most commonly used field is to connect GBIC (100Base-FX) in router/switch. The high-precision, ceramic ferrule construction is optimal for aligning single-mode optical fibers. The connectors’ outer square profile combined with its push-pull coupling mechanism, allow for greater connector packaging density in instruments and patch panels. The keyed outer body prevents rotational sensitivity and fiber endface damage. Multimode versions of this connector are also available. The typical insertion loss of the SC connector is around 0.3 dB.
ST connector ST Connector (Straight Tip) — Ferrule diameter = 2.5mm. ST connector’s high-precision, ceramic ferrule allows its use with both multimode and single-mode fibers. The bayonet style, keyed coupling mechanism featuring push and turn locking of the connector, prevents over tightening and damaging of the fiber end. The insertion loss of the ST connector is less than 0.5 dB, with typical values of 0.3 dB being routinely achieved. ST connector is used extensively both in the field and in indoor fiber optic LAN applications, eg. ODF (optical distribution frame). In addition, ST connector is also used to connect GBIC transceiver, usually for 100Base-F.
FC connector FC Connector (Ferrule Connector) — Ferrule diameter = 2.5mm. The FC has become the connector of choice for single-mode fibers and is mainly used in fiber-optic instruments, SM fiber optic components, and in highspeed fiber optic communication links. This high-precision, ceramic ferrule connector is equipped with an anti-rotation key, reducing fiber endface damage and rotational alignment sensitivity of the fiber. The key is also used for repeatable alignment of fibers in the optimal, minimal-loss position. Multimode versions of this connector are also available. The typical insertion loss of the FC connector is around 0.3 dB.
MU connector MU Connector (Miniature Unit) — Ferrule diameter = 1.25mm. MU is a small form factor SC. It has the same push/pull style, but can fit 2 channels in the same Footprint of a single SC. MU was developed by NTT. It is a popular connector type in Japan. Applications include high-speed data communications, voice networks, telecommunications, and dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM). MU connectors are also used in multiple optical connections and as a self-retentive mechanism in backplane applications.
MTRJ connector MTRJ Connector (Mechanical Transfer Registered Jack) — Ferrule diameter = 2.45×4.4 mm. MT-RJ is a duplex connector with both fibers in a single polymer ferrule. It uses pins for alignment and has male and female versions. Multimode only, field terminated only by prepolished/splice method.
E2000 connector E2000 Connector — Ferrule diameter = 2.5mm. E2000 connector is a plastic push-pull connector developed by Diamond. The E2000 was developed as an improvement on the SC connector design by having: a latch that retains the connector, a dust cap always in place, and a smaller size. The built in dust cap always stays on the connector protecting the ferrule and blocking harmful laser light when the connector is disconnected. E2000 is available for Singlemode and Multimode applications.
sma SMA Connector (Sub Miniature A) — Ferrule diameter = 3.14mm. Due to its stainless steel structure and lowprecision threaded fiber locking mechanism, this connector is used mainly in applications requiring the coupling of high-power laser beams into large-core multimode fibers. Typical applications include laser beam delivery systems in medical, bio-medical, and industrial applications. The typical insertion loss of an SMA connector is greater than 1 dB.
DIN connector DIN Connector — Ferrule diameter = 2.5mm. DIN connector is a metal screw on connector which is developed by Siemens. Deutsch Telecom mainly uses it. This is a good connector to use where the ruggedness of a metal screw on connector is required but
where there is not enough space for a FC Connector.
mtp&mpo connector MTP and MPO Connector — MTP and MPO are compatible ribbon fiber connectors based on MT ferrule which allow quick and reliable connections for up to 12 fibers. They are intended for installations that require many fiber connections. Up to 12 fibers in a ribbon are stripped to 125um cladding and inserted into 250um spaced parallel grooves. The ferrule also includes two 0.7mm diameter holes, running parallel to the fibers on the outer side of the ferrule. These two holes hold precision metal guide pins which align the fibers with tight tolerances. MTP and MPO connectors feature male and female connector design. Male connectors have two guide pins and female connectors do not. Both connector types need an adapter to mate a pair of male and female connectors. Because MTP and MPO connectors are trying to align so many fibers at once, their coupling loss are typically bigger than single fiber connectors.

 

History of Different Connector Types
The ST connector is the oldest design of the connectors still in common use. It was the first connector to use a 2.5mm ferrule. The FC and DIN connectors improved on the ST connector by: isolating cable tension from the ferrule, keying the location of the ferrule for angle polishing, and threading onto the adapter for a more positive connection. The SC connector was then developed to eliminate having to screw and unscrew the connector every time and to reduce the cost by molding instead of machining the connector. A big advantage of this push/pull connector over a FC connector is that less room is required between connectors on patch panels. The E-2000 was developed as an improvement on the SC connector design by having: a latch that retains the connector, a dust cap always in place, and a smaller size. As patch panel densities increased the LC and MU connectors were developed to reduce the space required for connectors on patch panels. Both of these connectors use a 1.25mm ferrule. The MT-RJ connector was then developed to put transmit and receive fibers into one connector. This was the first connector to use the MT ferrule design as opposed to a 2.5mm or 1.25mm diameter ferrule. The MTP connector was then developed to increase fiber density even more. The MTP currently has 12 fibers in its MT ferrule however a 24-fiber version is under development.

There are many more influences that lead to the development of these different commonly used connector types. This is why all of the different connector types exist. In fact, there are not only these connector types. A multitude of specialty connectors are launched to the market for different application.

Connector Endface Preparation
Once the optical fiber is terminated with a particular connector, the connector endface preparation will determine what the connector return loss, also known as back reflection, will be. The back reflection is the ratio between the light propagating through the connector in the forward direction and the light reflected back into the light source by the connector surface. Minimizing back reflection is of great importance in high-speed and analog fiber optic links, utilizing narrow line width sources such as DFB lasers, which are prone to mode hopping and fluctuations in their output.

polishing type

Flat Polish — a flat polish of the connector surface will result in a back reflection of about -16 dB (4%).
PC Polish — the Physical Contact (PC) polish results in a slightly curved connector surface, forcing the fiber ends of mating connector pairs into physical contact with each other. This eliminates the fiber-to-air interface, there by resulting in back reflections of -30 to -40 dB. The PC polish is the most popular connector endface preparation, used in most applications.
UPC/SPC Polish — in the Super PC (SPC) and Ultra PC (UPC) polish, an extended polishing cycle enhances the surface quality of the connector, resulting in back reflections of -40 to -55 dB and < -55dB, respectively. These polish types are used in high-speed, digital fiber optic transmission systems.
APC Polish — the Angled PC (APC) polish, adds an 8 degree angle to the connector endface. Back reflections of <-60 dB can routinely be accomplished with this polish.

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The Consumption Value Of Fiber Optic Circulators In The Global Markets

Want to know the latest news about fiber optic products markets? Today, we’ll have an Analysis about them, let’s start it! Fiber optic circulators typically fall into two main classes:

Fiber optic circulators

4-port waveguide circulators based on Faraday rotation of propagating waves in a magnetized material, and 3-port “turnstile” or “Y-junction” circulators based on cancellation of waves propagating over two different paths near a magnetized material.

 

During 2013-2018, the worldwide value is forecast to increase at an average annual growth rate of 6.88 percent. The Fiber Optic Couplers consumption value is forecast to increase with rising quantity growth partially offset by declining average prices.

 

The Asia Pacific region (APAC) was the leader in terms of relative market share in 2013 with the consumption value of high power optic circulators, led by “green-field” telecommunication deployment; the American region (South, Central and North America) was a close 2nd in market share in 2013.

 

The Europe, Middle East and Africa region (EMEA) consumption of fiber optic circulators is forecast to lag behind; growing faster than the American region, and about ½ as fast as the APAC region.

 

Consumption is based on the geographical (region) location where the fiber optic circulator is first used into a higher-level sub-component, High Power Components or apparatus. All values and prices, are at factory as-shipped levels, and are in current dollars, which include the effect of a forecasted 5 percent annual inflation rate over the forecast period.

 

3-Port Leads in Fiber Optic Circulator Value – In terms of worldwide consumption value, the 3-Port fiber optic circulators held an 80% market share in 2013.

 

Fiber optic circulators, commonly referred to as optical circulators, are nonreciprocal devices that direct an optical signal (light) from one port to the next, in only one direction at a time. While the direction of the light may be redirected as needed, the light must pass through ports sequentially (from port 1, to port 2, before traveling to port 3).

 

Fiber optic circulators are used to reduce the overall dispersion of light within a fiber optic system. In conjunction with a dispersion compensating module (DCM), fiber optic circulators are able to transmit light through the system and use half as much of the fiber to achieve the desired compensating effect while traveling through the system.

 

Related readings: Broadband Fiber Optic Filter Coupler, Optical Fiber Isolator, Polarization Beam Splitter Combiner

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A brief description of fiber optic coupler

Fiber coupler (Coupler) is also known as the differences (Splitter), connectors, adapters, optical fiber flange, for the realization of the optical signal splitter / combiners, or fiber optic link to the elongate element, which belongs to the passive optical element areas in telecommunications networks, cable television networks, subscriber loop system, the LAN will be applied to.

Fiber optic couplers or components used to extend fiber optic link, which belongs to the field of optical passive components, telecommunications networks, cable television networks, subscriber loop system, the LAN will be applied to. Fiber coupler can be divided into standard coupler (part of the waveguide, double branch, unit 1 × 2, ie the optical signal into two power), direct-attached coupler (connected to the same or different types of fiber optical interface 2 to extend the fiber link), star / tree couplers and wavelength multiplexer (WDM, if the wavelength is a high-density separation, ie a narrow wavelength spacing, belongs DWDM), making way there sintering (Fuse), micro-optical (Micro Optics), waveguide-type (Wave Guide) three, and to a process for producing sintered majority (about 90%). Sintering production method way is to burn two fibers together and melt tension, so that the core polymerization together to achieve light coupling effects, the most important production equipment is the fiber splicing machine, which is an important step, though important step in part by the machine OEM, but after sintering, still people working detection package, and therefore labor costs account for about 10 to 15 percent, moreover artificial detection package must ensure quality consistency, which is when mass production must be overcome, but the technical difficulties of not if DWDM module and optical active components is high, so the initial manufacturers wishing to enter the fiber industry, the majority will be cut from the optocoupler, gross profit in the 20 to 30 percent.

According to different fiber coupling are classified as follows: SC fiber optic coupler: for SC fiber interface, RJ-45 interface it looks very similar, but some SC interfaces appear more flat, the obvious difference is the inside of the contacts, if is 8 thin copper contacts, it is the RJ-45 interface, if it is a copper cylinder is SC fiber interface. LC fiber coupler: LC optical interface used in connection connector SFP module, which uses modular jack made easy operation (RJ) latch mechanism. (Routers used) FC fiber coupler: Applied FC fiber interface, external strengthening way is to use a metal sleeve, fastening means for turnbuckles. Generally adopt ODF side (with the patch maximum) ST fiber coupler: Applied ST fiber interface, commonly used in fiber optic patch panels, rounded shell, fastening means for turnbuckles. (For 10Base-F connections, usually ST type connectors commonly used in fiber optic patch panel)

Fiber couplers are detachably (active) connection between the optical fiber and the optical devices, the two end faces of the optical fiber which is the precise docking to the light emitted energy to maximize the optical output coupled to the receiver to the fiber, intervention light and make it so that the impact on the system link is minimized. The waveguide fiber coupler, generally a component having a Y-branch optical signal from an optical fiber input can use it to decile. When the opening angle of the branch line coupler is increased, the light leaking in the clad layer so as to increase the excess loss increased, so that the opening angle of generally less than 30 °, so the length of the waveguide-type optical-fiber coupler can not be too short.

As the highly developing optical fiber network and larger demand of fiber optic products, in 2009, OF-LINK merged with Jiangsu Beidou Technology Co., Ltd. The company located in Chongchuan Development Zone in Nantong City, Jiangsu Province. It’s a hi-tech company who engages in the compass satellite applications and optical fiber communications; OF-LINK participates in its optical fiber part and solely responsible for the overseas market We finished the construction of the production lines for annual output of 1 million units’ timing equipments, 9. million units ‘fiber optic connectors and 100 thousand units’ PLC splitters. The project is listed in Major Scientific and Technological Achievements into Special Funds Program, has wide industry prospects.

 

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The characteristics of the optical fiber coupler

 

Fiber Coupler (Coupler), also known as divergence is (Splitter), connectors, adapters, flange, is used to implement optical signal splitter / combiners, SC fiber optic coupler: for SC fiber interface, it RJ- 45 interface looks very similar, but some SC interfaces appear more flat, the obvious difference is the inside of the contacts, if it is 8 thin copper contacts, it is the RJ-45 interface, if it is a copper cylinder is SC optical interface.

Or to extend fiber optic link components, belonging to the field of optical passive components, telecommunications networks, cable television networks, subscriber loop system, the LAN will be applied to. Fiber coupler can be divided into standard coupler (part of the waveguide, double branch, unit 1 × 2, ie the optical signal into two power), direct-attached coupler (connected to the same or different types of fiber optical interface 2 to extend the fiber link), star / tree couplers and wavelength multiplexer (WDM, if the wavelength is a high-density separation, ie a narrow wavelength spacing, belongs DWDM), making way there sintering (Fuse), micro-optical (Micro Optics), waveguide-type (Wave Guide) three, and to a process for producing sintered majority (about 90%). Sintering production method way is to burn two fibers together and melt tension, so that the core polymerization together to achieve light coupling effects, the most important production equipment is the fiber splicing machine, which is an important step, though important step in part by the machine OEM, but after sintering, still people working detection package, and therefore labor costs account for about 10 to 15 percent, moreover artificial detection package must ensure quality consistency, which is when mass production must be overcome, but the technical difficulties of not if DWDM module and optical active components is high, so the initial manufacturers wishing to enter the fiber industry, the majority will be cut from the optocoupler, gross profit in the 20 to 30 percent.

Fiber coupler (Coupler) is also known as the differences (Splitter), connectors, adapters, optical fiber flange, for the realization of the optical signal splitter / combiners, or fiber optic link to the elongate element, which belongs to the passive optical element areas in telecommunications networks, cable television networks, subscriber loop system, the LAN will be applied to. Fiber couplers are detachably (active) connection between the optical fiber and the optical devices, the two end faces of the optical fiber which is the precise docking to the light emitted energy to maximize the optical output coupled to the receiver to the fiber, intervention light and make it so that the impact on the system link is minimized. The waveguide fiber coupler, generally a component having a Y-branch optical signal from an optical fiber input can use it to decile. When the opening angle of the branch line coupler is increased, the light leaking in the clad layer so as to increase the excess loss increased, so that the opening angle of generally less than 30 °, so the length of the waveguide-type optical-fiber coupler can not be too short.

OF-Link Communications Co., Ltd is a manufacturer and exporter specialized in fiber optic passive components. We focus on offering products with premium quality and competitive prices in the field of optical fiber communications, fiber laser and fiber sensor applications.

 

 

 

 

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Those things on the optical isolator

The main advantage of optical isolator Faraday effect of magneto-optic crystal. Faraday Faraday effect was first observed in 1845 does not have the optically active material in the magnetic field by rotating the polarization direction of the light occurs the substance, also known as magneto-optical effects. Polarized along the transmission direction of the magnetic field, the optical isolator is a polarization rotation angle θ and the magnetic field strength B and the material is proportional to the length L of the product. For normal incident signal light, after the passage to become a linearly polarized light from the polarizer, the Faraday rotating magnetic medium, together with the external magnetic field so that the right-handed polarization direction of the signal light 45, and just make a low loss through a polariser 45 placement of the analyzer. For the reverse light of the analyzer when a linearly polarized light through the medium is placed, the deflection direction is right-rotated by 45 degrees so that the polarization direction of the light and the backward direction perpendicular to the polarizer, the reflected light is completely blocked transmission .

Optical isolator variety, including on-line optical isolator, free-space optical isolators, etc. We provide a variety of optical isolators, used to meet the needs of different applications. 1310/1480 / 1550nm polarization-independent optical isolator interior design of two single-mode fiber for craft orthogonal polarization states were treated to ensure the entire device is independent of the polarization characteristics. Unipolar devices with low insertion loss, two-stage device has a high optical isolation, suitable for different applications, mainly used in optical fiber amplifiers, fiber lasers, fiber CATV networks, and satellite communications.

Faraday magnetic media within 1μm ~ 2μm wavelength range usually low optical loss yttrium iron garnet (YIG) single crystal. Novel pigtail input and output optical isolators have a fairly good performance, the minimum insertion loss of about 0.5dB, isolation of 35 ~ 60dB, up to 70dB. Usually the wavelength of the optical isolator to distinguish, 800-1300nm more, there are some specific wavelength.

An optical isolator is a passive optical components allows only unidirectional light through its working principle is based on Faraday rotation of non-reciprocity. Echo reflected light through the fiber can be well isolated optical isolators. The main advantage of optical isolator Faraday effect of magneto-optic crystal. Optical isolator features are: positive low insertion loss, high reverse isolation, high return loss. An optical isolator is blocked to allow the light to one direction and the opposite direction by the passive components, the role of limiting the direction of light, the light transmission in one direction only, the reflected return light passes through the optical fiber can be an optical isolator good isolation to improve the transmission efficiency of light.

OF-Link Communications Co., Ltd is a manufacturer and exporter specialized in fiber optic passive components. We focus on offering products with premium quality and competitive prices in the field of optical fiber communications, fiber laser and fiber sensor applications.

 

 

 

 

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Polarization maintaining fiber uses

      Even if the ordinary optical fiber and then made to be symmetrical, in practical applications will be subjected to mechanical stress becomes asymmetric birefringence, therefore, the polarization state of the optical fiber transmission in an ordinary time will be no changes regularly. The main factors are the wavelength, bending, and temperature. Polarization maintaining fiber

change the polarization state can solve the problem, but it does not eliminate the fiber birefringence phenomenon, but is by design on the fiber geometry, resulting in more intense birefringence effect, to eliminate stress on the polarization state of the incident light impact.

Polarization maintaining fiber:polarization maintaining optical fiber transmission line polarized light, widely used in various fields of aerospace, aviation, marine, industrial manufacturing technology and communications of the national economy. In optical coherent detection based interferometric fiber optic sensor using polarization-maintaining fiber can guarantee linear polarization direction of the change, to improve coherence SNR in order to achieve high-precision measurement of physical quantities. PMF as a specialty fiber, mainly used in fiber-optic gyroscope, fiber optic hydrophone and other sensors and DWDM, EDFA and other fiber-optic communication systems. Since the fiber optic gyroscope and fiber optic hydrophone, etc. can be used for military inertial navigation and sonar, are high-tech products, and polarization maintaining fiber is its core components, which have been included in the PMF embargo on my list of Western countries. Now the domestic part of the optical fiber manufacturing company has been able to produce.

Polarization maintaining fiber change the polarization state can solve the problem, but it does not eliminate the fiber birefringence phenomenon, but is by design on the fiber geometry, resulting in more intense birefringence effect, to eliminate stress on the polarization state of the incident light impact. So polarization maintaining fiber is generally applied to the polarization state sensitive applications, such as interferometers, or laser, or used in connection between the light source and an external modulator and so on.

Low attenuation polarization maintaining fiber: single-mode fiber with the continuous improvement of technology, loss, material dispersion and waveguide dispersion is no longer a major factor in the impact of optical fiber communication, single-mode fiber polarization mode dispersion (PMD) is becoming limiting optical fiber communication quality the most serious bottleneck in the 10 Gbit / s and above, high-speed optical fiber communication systems particularly prominent. In order to solve the degradation of the transmission performance of the system brings PMD problems are generally taken to compensate for PMD solution, but PMD of temperature and other environmental conditions, and the disturbance source wavelength light are very sensitive to random changes will occur with time, these PMD compensation optical fiber communication systems gave difficult. If the low attenuation polarization maintaining fiber can successfully developed, will provide new solutions to solve high-speed transmission systems PMD issues;

OF-Link Communications Co., Ltd is a manufacturer and exporter specialized in fiber optic passive components. We focus on offering products with premium quality and competitive prices in the field of optical fiber communications, fiber laser and fiber sensor applications.

 


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Introduction optical isolator functions and features

An optical isolator is a passive optical components allows only unidirectional light through its working principle is based on Faraday rotation of non-reciprocity. Echo reflected light through the fiber can be well isolated optical isolators. The main advantage of optical isolator Faraday effect of magneto-optic crystal. Optical isolator features are: positive low insertion loss, high reverse isolation, high return loss. An optical isolator is blocked to allow the light to one direction and the opposite direction by the passive components, the role of limiting the direction of light, the light transmission in one direction only, the reflected return light passes through the optical fiber can be an optical isolator good isolation to improve the transmission efficiency of light.
Optical isolator is characterized by high isolation, low insertion loss; high reliability, high stability; very low polarization dependent loss and polarization mode dispersion. variety, including on-line optical isolator, free-space optical isolators, etc. We provide a variety of optical isolators, used to meet the needs of different applications. 1310/1480 / 1550nm polarization-independent optical isolator interior design of two single-mode fiber for craft orthogonal polarization states were treated to ensure the entire device is independent of the polarization characteristics. Unipolar devices with low insertion loss, two-stage device has a high optical isolation, suitable for different applications, mainly used in optical fiber amplifiers, fiber lasers, fiber CATV networks, and satellite communications.
The main advantage of optical isolator Faraday effect of magneto-optic crystal. Faraday Faraday effect was first observed in 1845 does not have the optically active material in the magnetic field by rotating the polarization direction of the light occurs the substance, also known as magneto-optical effects. Polarized along the transmission direction of the magnetic field, whose direction of polarization rotation angle θ and the magnetic field strength B and the length of the material proportional to the product of L. For normal incident signal light, after the passage to become a linearly polarized light from the polarizer, the Faraday rotating magnetic medium, together with the external magnetic field so that the right-handed polarization direction of the signal light 45, and just make a low loss through a polariser 45 placement of the analyzer. For the reverse light of the analyzer when a linearly polarized light through the medium is placed, the deflection direction is right-rotated by 45 degrees so that the polarization direction of the light and the backward direction perpendicular to the polarizer, the reflected light is completely blocked transmission .
Its role is to prevent the adverse effects of the optical path of the light generated due to various reasons, and the light source to the optical transmission system generates. For example, between the semiconductor laser source and an optical transmission system is installed an optical isolator can reduce the adverse influence of the reflected light on the stability of the spectral output of the light source is largely generated. In the high-speed direct modulation, direct detection optical fiber communication systems, the transmitted light will produce additional to noise performance degradation of the system, it also needs to eliminate the opto-isolator. Both ends of the optical fiber amplifier doped fiber isolator mounted glazing can improve the stability of the optical fiber amplifier, if not it will go after the reflected light source (laser), causing volatility in the signal source. In coherent optical long-distance fiber-optic communication systems, at some distance install an optical isolator can reduce the power loss caused by stimulated Brillouin scattering by. Thus, the optical isolator has an important role in optical fiber communication, optical information processing systems, and precision measuring optical fiber sensing system.
OF-Link Communications Co., Ltd is a manufacturer and exporter specialized in fiber optic passive components. We focus on offering products with premium quality and competitive prices in the field of optical fiber communications, fiber laser and fiber sensor applications.

 

 

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A brief description of OF-Link Communications Limited production of fiber optic isolators

 Fiber Optic isolator allow only one-way light passes through, and its operating

principle is based on Faraday rotation of non-reciprocity. Echo reflected light through the fiber can be well isolated optical isolator. The main advantage of the optical isolator   magneto-optical Faraday effect transistor. Optical isolator features are: positive low insertion loss, high reverse isolation, high return loss. The optical isolator allows the light to one direction is prevented by the opposite direction by the passive components, the function is to limit the direction of the light, the light transmission in one direction only, the reflected return light passes through the fiber optical isolator can be good isolation and improve light transmission efficiency, optical isolator is characterized by high isolation, low insertion loss; high reliability, high stability; very low polarization dependent loss and polarization mode dispersion. Its role is to prevent the adverse effects of light and transmitted light generated by the optical system, e.g., between the semiconductor laser source and an optical transmission system is installed in the optical path due to various causes an optical isolator can largely reduce the adverse effects of reflected light on the stability of the light source spectral output power generated. In the high-speed direct modulation direct detection optical fiber communication systems, the transmission of the light will produce additional noise in the system performance degradation, which also requires an optical isolator to eliminate. Both ends of the fiber amplifier doped fiber isolator is mounted glazing can improve the stability of the optical fiber amplifier, without it, the reflected light enters the source (laser), causing severe fluctuation source. In coherent optical long-distance optical fiber communication systems, at some distance install an optical isolator can reduce the power loss caused by stimulated Brillouin scattering by. Thus, the optical isolator has an important role in optical fiber communication, optical information processing systems, and precision measuring optical fiber sensing system.

The main advantage of the Fiber optical isolator magneto-optical Faraday effect transistor. Faraday Faraday effect was first observed in 1845 is not optically active material in the magnetic field by rotating the polarization direction of light occurring substance, also known as magneto-optical effects. Polarized light transmitted along the magnetic field, whose direction of polarization rotation angle θ and the magnetic field strength B and the material is proportional to the length L of the product. Optical isolator works shown in Figure 1. For normal incident signal light, through a polarizer becomes the linearly polarized light, the Faraday rotating magnetic medium and the polarization direction of the external magnetic field with the right hand 45 of the signal light, and just make a low loss through the polarizer 45 placement of the analyzer. For the reverse light, a polarization analyzer after the placement of the media line deflection direction is right-rotated by 45 degrees, thereby reversing the direction of polarization of the light and the direction perpendicular to the polarizer, the reflected light is completely blocked transmission . Faraday magnetic media within 1μm ~ 2μm wavelength range usually low optical loss yttrium iron garnet (YIG) single crystal. New pigtail input and output optical isolator has a very good performance, the minimum insertion loss of about 0.5dB, isolation of 35 ~ 60dB, up to 70dB.

OF-Link Communications Co., Ltd. is a manufacturer and exporter specializing in optical passive components. We focus on providing high quality products with competitive quality and price of applications in optical fiber communication, fiber lasers and fiber-optic sensor. Main products have polarization maintaining (PM) fiber optic components, high power fiber laser components, high power fiber laser components, high power fiber laser components, high power fiber laser components, fused / filter fiber coupler, WDM, CWDM, DWDM, bandpass filter, fiber optical isolators and circulators, variable optical attenuator (VOA), fiber collimator, fiber distribution cables and so on. OF-LINK is located in Shenzhen, China, fiber optic components based on their business nine years of experience in; our production facilities have passed the ISO 9001:2008 certification, providing products comply with RoHS, IEC and Telcordia requirements. Our 100% visual and optical testing to ensure that all products meet international industry standards.

With optical manufacturing capabilities, testing services, global logistics and supply chain management, OF-LINK is ready to meet the special requirements of customers from around the world the full spectrum. Our customers are mainly manufacturers at the University of telecommunications, fiber lasers and fiber-optic sensors, and research institutes around the world. Due to the high demand for fiber optic networks and the development of a larger fiber optic products, in 2009, OF-LINK merged with Compass Technology Co., Ltd. is located in Jiangsu Nantong City Chongchuan Development Zone, Jiangsu Province. This is a high-tech company who is engaged in the application of Beidou satellite and fiber-optic communications; OF-LINK participate in its optical parts, and solely responsible for the overseas market. We completed the production of one million units in line timing device 900 million units, “fiber optic connectors and 100 million units,” the PLC splitter annual building. The project was included in the major scientific and technological achievements into special funds for the project, and has broad prospects for the industry. OF-LINK idea is first to meet customer needs: quality and reliability assurance, timely delivery and reliability, to protect customers’ intellectual property (IP), efficient supply chain management, comprehensive and timely customer response system that allows its better serve the majority of consumers. Our company offers fiber optic isolators, quality assurance, affordable, hope there is a demand can come to purchase.

 

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Single Mode Visible Wavelength Couplers

Homemade beer is far different from the regular commercialized beer bottles you see being offered on elegant bars and restaurants. The procedure of making it is simple and does not need too much equipment or technological innovation to do so. If you are interested in flavored and consuming a homemade beers, it would be recommended to buy microbrewery equipment. This will be your first step that you must take before you continue with the primary procedure.

After that you have to search the internet what would be the possible kits you need to buy when you do beer-making at home. This is very important. At least you will know what should come within a kit that are necessary in beer-making and what are those that you can do without. For that purpose would be to start canvassing for manufacturers or organizations promoting wine-making kit on the internet or on site. Do not be fooled by too much buzz or advertisement an organization or product might be using in order to advertise their beer making kit. You should look on every bit of details before considering a product or organization.

And, when you would be selecting the product or organization to buy a beer-making kit from always make a record. You need to make a record of the organizations promoting such kit, because what exactly they are offering at what costs. Finally, make your choice by looking at the various options that you have. One good tip, know what your price range is and how much you are willing to invest in a beer brewing supplies. In this way, you would be limited to your budget and not be investing on something which you do not need at all. If you are too eager of getting a kit, you should do a background check on the organization and see what other clients have to say about the kit, the organization and client support. This would give you a good piece of information as to what to expect when you opt for selecting the right beer-making kit.

Now that you already know what to look for in a beer making kit, the next step you need to take is to select what type of ingredients you want create bottles from. The choice would be reliant upon your choice and what your flavor is. If you want to be more trial, you can create a unique flavor through modifying the ingredients or including a key component or phase to the fermentation procedure..
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